Friday, January 7, 2011

Human Thermometer

When the temperature drops below -20F in Yellowstone, all non-essential NPS employees are ordered not to report to work until the mercury rises. Unfortunately, I don’t have a thermometer outside my house, so every morning I step outside and gauge the air temperature using the following remarkably accurate guide:

You know it’s 30 degrees outside when…
You step outside and think, “Ah, what a pleasant day,” and then look down and realize you’re   wearing just the T-shirt you slept in the night before.

It’s about 20 degrees outside when…
The sky is cloudy and grey, so you pile on an extra fleece, and then five steps outside the door you start clawing frantically at your zippers trying to escape from the extra clothing before your flesh starts to melt inside.

You know it’s 10 degrees when…
You see it’s sunny and lovely outside, so you leave that extra fleece at home, and for the entire forty-minute snowmobile ride to Fishing Bridge you grit your teeth against the wisps of cold air which creep in through your zipper and settle into the space beneath your coat where that fleece should have been. (To fight the chill, you are desperate enough to turn on the seat warmer, which you don’t think is working until you take off your snowmobile bibs at the warming hut and realize you were sweating so much that your fleece pants need to be wrung out.)

You know the thermometer’s sitting around zero when…
You return from a ski to find that the ends of your hair which were poking out from under your beanie are frosted white with the frozen droplets of your own breath.

You know it’s -10 degrees outside when…
You step out in the morning and inhale deeply of that fresh Yellowstone air, and your nostrils pinch together, and then freeze that way. As the cold air rushes through your nose, it freezes each little nose-hair and binds them together, causing your flesh to twinge as a million little nerve endings are tweaked by the icy tug of frozen follicles. Ahhh… breathe deeply.

And, finally, you know it’s 20 below when you drive three miles on a snowmobile and when you stop to wipe away the ice which has completely frozen over your visor, but when you remove your helmet you realize that your mask isn’t frosted so much as your eyeballs have iced over. Miniature icicles dangle from your eye lashes, and when you go to wipe them away, you cause your eyes to water and freeze shut. You’d dab your eyes with your balaclava, only the condensation of your breath has soaked the fabric and then frozen solid, right over your mouth and nose. What can you do, but bat your frosted eyelashes until the icicles tingle, turn the seat-warmer to high… and then boogie home to bed to wait for the temperature to rise.

Wednesday, January 5, 2011

Breakdown

Every once in a while I get the crazy notion that I want to buy my own snowmobile. Perhaps I want to minimize the odds that I'll smash another government rig into a herd of bison, or so people who come to visit have a sled to ride, or just so I can come and go as I please without worrying about whether a "pool" sled is available. My dreams of free-heeling independence are typically short-lived, however, because every year, just two weeks into snowmobiling season, we enter a period of total equipment failure. They say the four-stroke snowmobiles required in the park are more reliable than your typical snowmobile, which makes me wonder how two-stroke sleds ever manage to leave the parking lot. Drive any stretch of road in the park today and you'll pass three or four snowmobiles, pulled to the side, hoods up, waiting for the mechanics to come tow them out of the park. Guides regularly arrive at the warming hut with passengers riding on the back of their sleds, indicating that they've lost a snowmobile along the way. On a cold morning last week one group started with nine snowmobiles, and by the time they reached Lewis Falls, ten miles into the park, five of their sleds had seized up and stalled on the side of the road. The guide had to borrow a snowmobile from another company in order to continue his trip that day.

 

My first winter, we lost a snowmobile before the park even opened, when the dipstick in the oil pan (I mean that literally) rattled loose and released the oil reserve, leaving my supervisor stranded on his way to pre-season guide training at Old Faithful. Two weeks later I lost a bogie wheel on the way back from West Yellowstone, and when I pulled into the garage to show a mechanic, he told me that someone had put the entire track on backwards. Ten days after that, I picked up a friend whose machine started spouting coolant from under the hood, spraying him from helmet to pac boot with a solution that looked like frozen lime Slushee, taking down yet another snowmobile.

 

Lucky for me, I wasn't the one driving our snowmobile last week when it came down with the early symptoms of 'Mobilitis.  My supervisor was driving to Fishing Bridge and was waiting to pass some bison when the sled overheated. After navigating through the herd, she pulled over to check her coolant levels. When she opened the cap, however, a thick glob the color of a chocolate milkshake welled up inside, suggesting something much more seriously wrong than low antifreeze. She radioed for a ride home, and once again, two weeks into the season, we were down to one snowmobile.

 

The National Park Services no longer owns snowmobiles, but contracts with a company to provide sleds for the winter operations. The lease company supplies us with new and new-ish machines and also takes on the care and upkeep responsibilities. Thus, when a snowmobile breaks down—even two miles from the Lake Garage—our mechanics aren't even allowed to look at it, but we must get the machine to West Yellowstone where the contractor can do the repairs. Which was my task yesterday.

 

Towing a snowmobile is straightforward enough that the guides can rig a tow strap with a couple yards of webbing and haul a broken machine out of the park without missing a beat on their tour. While a 700-pound snowmobile doesn't have enough "umph" to comfortably tow another sled, pulling one snowmobile with another will really just slow you down a little bit. I used a tow bar designed by one of our local mechanics to keep the machine a bit more secure than a rope would, and crept over the pass to West Yellowstone.

 

I believe that West Yellowstone, Montana, must rank as one of the country's quirkiest towns, particularly in the winter. In the summer tourist season, more people enter the park through "West" than the rest of the gates combined, meaning that the town with a few hundred residents accommodates thousands of people every night as they stream back from Old Faithful hungry for dinner and ready for sleep. In the winter, however, most of those beds sit empty as park visitation drops. Most hotels don't even open for the winter season, and the ones which brave the slow season boast five or six cars in the lot at night. With so much unoccupied space, the town seems vacant even on the busiest nights, and though the abandonment is temporary, boarded up hotels and restaurants borrow still evoke slasher movies, particularly when drifted in with snow.

 

Indeed, the second quirk about West Yellowstone comes from the problem of snow. Here in the park where we pack down and drive over the snow, we really have no sense of what it means to have five feet of snow on the ground. But when you try to move snow around so you can drive a vehicle to work in the morning, suddenly even a foot of snow seems huge. In order to keep the roads clear and provide access to the few businesses which remain open, the plows pile snow down the middle of the road instead of pushing it to the side. Thus, most roads in town are divided highways—divided by an eight-foot mound of snow. During the day, large yellow front loaders work their way down each of the two-dozen streets, scooping snow and ice from the sides of the road, and piling it into massive medians right down the yellow line. When these piles become too tall (really, how safe can it be to drive through a tunnel of snow where you can't see oncoming or cross traffic?) they actually truck the snow outside of town where they build a course for the annual late-winter snowmobile X-games. When I was in West yesterday, though it hasn't snowed for four or five days, the tractors were hard at work moving snow from one place to another. Not only was I amazed that they were still cleaning up from the last storm, but I was impressed by the magnitude of such a thankless job—an entire winter spent rearranging piles of snow, only to watch it melt away all on its own come summertime.

 

Fortunately, when those winter storms do hit, you don't have to shovel your car out of the driveway. No, in West Yellowstone you can just crank up your snowmobile and drive right on down to work. During winter, the town's vacant motels echo the whine of snowmobiles from sunup to last call. The main highway through town is marked "No Snowmobiles" (probably to ease the tourists into the quirky traffic patterns), but every other street is open to any vehicle you fancy to drive on it. The roads are "high bladed" by the plows, who set their attachments an inch higher than street level, scraping off the new powder while leaving a layer of packed ice and snow on the pavement. Thus, cars and snowmobiles can share the road, a situation which is moderately unnerving to anyone who took a driver's test outside Gallatin County. While the snowy roads create a sense of anticipation for automobiles every time the driver touches the brakes (I wonder if I'll stop this time…), the snowmobiles dart wildly around town, seemingly fearless of the wheeled vehicles steered by panicked out-of-town drivers. Snowmobiles rule West in winter: they're in the parking lots, on the side-roads, and occasionally on the sidewalks, too.

 

Perhaps it is that hint of danger from sharing icy roads with several tons of steel on wheels which gives me the tiniest little thrill whenever I drive my snowmobile through West Yellowstone. After dropping the broken sled at the Arctic Cat dealer (and spending a good hour trying to fix a helmet before we declared it officially unfixable), I hopped on my snowmobile to take care of the "Things to Pick Up Next Time I'm in One of those Villages Where They Exchange Cash for Goods" List. I rode down to the hardware store, stopped in for a couple groceries, and was sorely tempted by the drive-thru at the bank before I stopped by the visitor center to pack my treasures for the return trip. I carried a grocery bag on my lap, slowed way down at every cross street, dodged the front loaders, and imagined a world where snowmobiles and streetcars could peacefully coexist.

 

Sigh.

 

It's almost enough to convince me to move to a town where everyone drives a (quiet, four-stroke) snowmobile all the time. But then I'd have to buy one, and we'd be right back where we started, towing a snowmobile to West.

Thursday, December 30, 2010

Ice sculptures

A unique treat for a cold morning: ice formations on the window panes.

 
 
 


Smooth Roads and Sunshine

Today, I am thankful for smooth roads and sunshine. Snowmobiling aficionados affectionately call Yellowstone’s groomed roads the Autobahn of the over-snow world—it doesn’t take much skill or machine to maneuver on a twenty-foot wide, packed trail. However, for three days we've had constant snowfall and warm temperatures, and the roads have been chomped to pieces by dozens of coaches and hundreds of ‘biles. I felt like I was swimming the breaststroke yesterday as I drove to Fishing Bridge, for as I gassed my sled through the night’s eight-inch snowfall, I splayed waves of sticky powder up and over my windscreen. I had to stand up on the running boards every few minutes to catch my breath through the snow which poured over my helmet. As I trenched through the new powder, I left a tunnel which was followed by the sleds behind me and the coaches behind them. By the end of the day, the road was sliced in every direction by skids and tracks, and the trip home had me gripping the steering column for dear life while my sled bounced into, over, and through the foot-deep ruts carved into the day's snowfall. On one guided tour, eight out of nine snowmobiles overturned in the afternoon, because after a day of mid-20s temperatures and a few busloads of visitors shuttled into the Snow Lodge, the road is plowed out like a potato field and snowmobilers who are just minutes away from a hot shower and dinner in front of the fireplace too easily give in to the tossing and turning of the machine.
Thus, when I set out this morning on a smooth, packed surface, watching the sun push through the clouds over Yellowstone Lake, I gratefully settled in for a smooth drive to Fishing Bridge. (As a bonus, for the first time this week I wouldn’t have a foot of snow to shovel once I got here, either, which would cheer up anyone on a cloudy day.)

The back-up Bombardier
For those who haven’t driven the Yellowstone Superhighway, perhaps I can explain the operation a bit. Every afternoon, as the temperatures begin to drop, the road crew pulls out huge Bombardier tractors for the night’s grooming. The front of the “Bomb” is just wider than a lane of traffic, scooping all the snow into the jaws of the machine where it is pounded and compacted into a solid surface. If conditions allow, the Bombardier can tow behind it a large weighted attachment which will smooth the packed snow into a flat surface, like the metal edge of a spatula spreading icing over a cake. Crawling down the road at about four miles per hour, the groomers work late into the night to tear down the day's ruts and re-build the road surface.
The key, I’ve been told, is cold temperatures. If the mercury drops deep overnight, then that smooth road firms up and is able to withstand a beating the next day; if the temps stay high, however, the road is smooth but not solid, and the first traffic on it in the morning sinks in, rutting the road all over again. While one year a Hummer drove all the way to Old Faithful on a cold night, during last night’s warm-ish temperatures an Explorer attempted to drive the road and dug in deep just a few yards in. The rangers at the South gate spent much of their morning working on that extraction. (The Hummer story, by the way, is fantastic: a couple international visitors rented the car in Jackson, drove around the Road Closed signs, and headed straight to Old Faithful. They pulled into the Snow Lodge at 2 a.m. and asked the night clerk for a room. Without pausing to consider how they got there, the clerk checked them in, and when they asked where they should park, gave directions to park around the side of the building. When they moved their vehicle into the softer snow around back, at last their vehicle sunk in and after driving 33 miles of snow-covered roads, they were finally stuck. And the fine for driving a vehicle into the park, illegally, while the roads are closed? Nothing. You just have to wait until the snow melts and remove your own vehicle. In the meantime, that’s one huge rental car bill!)
They say that plowing the roads in the wintertime would be more cost efficient than grooming them, and I believe it. When it snows, the groomers go out; when it warms up, the groomers go out; when the wind blows, the groomers make extra runs to knock out the drifts that drown out the previous night's grooming. They attend to these roads diligently, working with or against the weather to open the park for the tourists. These folks are technicians and artists, specially trained to run the machines and skilled enough to tackle the worst conditions, which means that when the road needs attention, night or day, they get called in for the extra work.
The bison love the groomed roads, of course, saving thousands of calories by trodding trails packed by machine instead of their own hooves. I've heard tale of snowstorms so deep that the bison who bed down on the road during the night end up expiring in the storm. Then, along comes the groomer, packing the snow right over the top of them, preserving their bodies in the snow until the spring plowing returns them violently and bloodily to the surface. Try not to think about what's caught below that glassy, smooth surface!
And so, while we snuggle up at night in our cozy beds, the groomers are out on the roads getting the park ready for another day of tourists. It takes a full shift to drive to the South Entrance and back… fifty miles in just under six hours. The operators sit in their cabs, blasting the radio, crawling along and cleaning up the mess we left during the day, only to have us tear it up again while they sleep away the day. And yet their work is what sets the tone for the entire day. When the roads are bad, that’s all I hear about from guides and visitors alike. Everyone has something to say about a bad road—and we don’t spend enough time thinking about the good roads. So, today I am grateful for a GREAT road!

Monday, December 27, 2010

The Winter Migration of the Yellowstone Marsupials

When my supervisor asked me what size of snowmobiling coat I wore, I said I’d take one as large as she had. Though I prance around all winter with a DDD-sized chest, in reality my bust is crammed full like a glove compartment with all the miscellaneous items I might need for a day on a snowmobile. Want to keep that camera close at hand? Stuff it in the front of your coat. Here, Mel, will you take this up to Fishing Bridge? Sure, I’ll just tuck it inside my jacket. Many of you still mock me because I once confessed to cramming produce down my sleeves in order to keep it from freezing while snowmobiling back from the grocery store, but so far that’s the only technique I’ve found for transporting fresh greens in February.
Today I noticed that my pouch-stuffing habit has gotten a little out of hand. By the time I dressed, prepped my snowmobile, stopped by West Thumb, and journeyed to Lake, I’d managed to acquire the following items in the front of my coat:  radio and harness, keys, headlamp, matches, pocket knife, hand warmers, pen, Chapstick, binoculars, camera, video camera, fleece hat, balaclava, spare gloves, water bottle, two letters to be mailed, a notepad, a chocolate bar, an orange, and the morning weather report. And that doesn’t count the items which were actually in a coat pocket or strapped to the snowmobile itself. Now, picture me coming into the warming hut, taking off my helmet, and unzipping my coat, and then watching the contents of an oversized junk drawer pour out all over the floor. What a spectacle!
A former colleague once advised me to keep essential survival items on my person while snowmobiling, so if I were thrown from the sled (or sunk the ‘bile in the bottom of the lake) I’d still have what I needed to stay alive. If I that had happened this morning, I’d have had enough gear to keep going for a week or two. They’d find me perched on the side of the road, sitting by the fire, chomping on a chocolate bar and video-blogging the whole adventure. I may not be very huggable, but I’m Boy-scout prepared!